Abstract In this study the influence of the volumetric flow rate and feed concentration was investigated for the adsorption of the reactive dye Blue 5G. Experiments were carried out in a bed packed with retorted shale, at 30 ºC. The ranges investigated were flow rate 2 -10 mL/min and the feed concentration 13-105 mg/L. Mathematical models were used to represent the dynamic sorption. The double resistance model considers the effects of the axial dispersion and the mass transfer resistance of the external film and inside the particles. As a result, the mass transfer coefficient of the external film and the internal mass transfer coefficient were estimated. The Thomas model was used to simulate the experimental data. In this model the fitted parameter was the adsorption kinetic constant. The first model provided an acceptable representation of the dynamic uptake of the reactive dye Blue 5G.

A aplicação de argilas para adsorção de metais pesados presentes em efluentes tem sido objeto de estudo em muitas pesquisas em virtude das inúmeras vantagens técnicas e econômicas. Este trabalho teve como objetivo obtenção de isotermas de adsorção de níquel e zinco em coluna de leito fixo utilizando como adsorvente argila bentonita calcinada a 500 ºC. Os experimentos para remoção de níquel e zinco foram conduzidos à temperatura ambiente (20 ºC - 25 ºC), pH da alimentação ajustado em 4,5, massa de argila calcinada de 15,5 g, com diâmetro médio de 0,855 mm, vazão de alimentação de 4 mL/min e concentração da solução de metal variando entre 0,5 meq/L a 4 meq/L. Os modelos de isoterma de Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich, Radke-Prausnitz, Redlich-Peterson, Sips e Toth foram ajustados aos dados de equilíbrio, sendo que o modelo de Langmuir apresentou melhor ajuste às concentrações de Ni2+ e Zn2+ adsorvido.

The use of clays for adsorption of heavy metals in wastewater has been studied in many trials because of numerous technical and economic advantages. This work aimed to evaluate the removal of nickel and zinc in fixed bed column. The experiments for the removal of nickel and zinc were conducted at room temperature (20 ºC - 25 ºC), pH adjusted at 4.5, weight of 15.5 g calcined clay,with an average diameter of 0.855mm, feeding flow rate 4 mL/min and concentration of the solution of metal between 0.5 meq/L to 4 meq/L. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Langmuir-Freundlich, Radke-Prausnitz, Redlich-Peterson, Sips and Toth models were fitted to equilibrium data, and the Langmuir model provided the best fit for adsorption isotherms.

This work aimed to determine the maximum content of cobalt that can be incorporated by ion exchange in zeolites H-USY, H-Beta, H-Mordenite, and H-ZSM-5. To reach this goal, batch isotherms at 75ºC were constructed after addition of zeolite samples in flasks filled with cobalt nitrate solution. The equilibrium data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, and Tóth adsorption isotherm models. Langmuir was the best model for zeolites H-Beta, H-Mordenite, and H-ZSM-5, whereas experimental data for H-USY were better fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model. From the isotherms, it was possible to determine the maximum cobalt exchange level (q max) that can be incorporated in each zeolite through ion exchange. In this sense, H-USY presented the highest q max value (2.40 meq/g zeol), while H-ZSM-5 showed the lowest one (0.64 meq/g zeol). These results also show the influence of the zeolite framework related to the channel system, pore opening, presence of cavities and secondary porosity and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio (SAR) on the maximum capacity and behavior of cobalt ion exchange in protonic zeolites.

The adsorption of reactive turquoise blue QG dye on commercial activated carbon was investigated in a batch reactor to obtain isotherm and kinetic data under different experimental conditions. The adsorbent was characterized by a FTIR method to analyze surface area and pH PZC and to identify functional groups. Experiments were conducted to obtain equilibrium data at 30°C, with the pH effect being assayed in the range of 2 to 8. Experiments were then carried out under the optimal pH condition for dye removal to obtain equilibrium data at 30°C, 45°C and 60°C. Adsorption isotherm models were used to correlate the equilibrium data. Maximum dye removal capacity was observed at a pH of 2 and temperature of 30°C. The kinetic experiments were carried out at a pH of 2 and at three different temperatures: 30°C, 45°C and 60°C. Pseudo-second-order models were used to describe the kinetics of dye adsorption.

In this work the ion exchange isotherms of Cr3+, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ in single solutions and in binary mixtures (Cr/K, Cr/Ca, Cr/Mg) using NaX zeolite at 30ºC, 45ºC and 60ºC were reported. NaX isotherms were very favorable for all metal cations studied. The respective isotherms had some differences in shape, a consequence of competition for the exchange sites. The Kielland plots of all systems were non linear, which is a characteristic of sites of different energies involved in the exchange process. Temperature influenced the ion exchange as it could alter the hydration sphere of the in-going ions. Consequently, differences in thermodynamic properties and also in the selectivity were seen. It was concluded that NaX did not have a pronounced selectivity towards chromium.